CAN-R Hot topics

June 2009, by Dr. Susan Poutanen

• KPCs in Canada? - They're here!
  
  1. Goldfarb D et al. Detection of plasmid mediated KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ottawa, Canada: evidence of intra-hospital transmission. J Clin Micro 2009; published online ahead of print on 8 April 2009.
  2. Pillai DR et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, Canada. Emerg Inf Disease 2009;15(5):827-829.
  3. Xiong J et al. First report of a Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KP) in Toronto, Canada. Abstract P-128. 26 th International Congress of Chemotherapy and Infection incorporating the AMMI Canada-CACMID Annual Conference 2009, Toronto, Canada.
  4. Toye et al. Carbapenem resistance in Canada. CMAJ 2009 180(12):1225-1226.
  5. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute 2009. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Nineteenth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S19. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, Pennsylvania.
• Is Your Laboratory Reporting Vancomycin MICs for S. aureus?
  
  1. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute 2009. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Nineteenth Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S19. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, Pennsylvania.
  2. Rybak M et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in adult patients: A consensus review of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2009; 66:82-98.

June 2009, by Dr. Grant Stiver

• Oseltamivir Resistance: What are the clinical consequences?
  
  1. CDC. 2007-08 US influenza summary – resistance to antiviral medications. [cited 2009 June 8]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2007-2008/07-08summary.htm.
  2. CDC. Fluview–antiviral resistance. [cited 2009 June 08]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/.
  3. McKimm-Breschkin JL. Resistance of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors – a review. Antiviral Res 2000;47:1-17.
  4. CDC. Update: drug susceptibility of swine–origin influenza A (H1N1), April 2009. MMWR 2009;58;433-5.
  5. Dharan NJ. Gubavera LV, Meyer JM, et al. Infections with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) virus in the United States. JAMA 2009;301:1034-41.
  6. Hayden FG. Developing new antiviral agents for influenza treatment: what does the future hold? Clin Infect Dis 2009;48 Suppl:S3-13.
• Fusidic acid resistance in MRSA: The coming storm for Canada?
  
  1. Whitby M. Fusidic acid in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Internat J Antimicrob Agents 1999;12 (Suppl 2):S67-71.
  2. Tveten Y et al. A fusidic acid-resistant clone of Staphylococcus aureus associated with impetigo bullosa is spreading in Norway. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;50: 873-6.
  3. Brown EM, Wise R. Fusidic acid cream for impetigo. BMJ 2002;324:1394.
  4. Nickerson E et al. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a tropical setting: patient outcome and impact of antibiotic resistance. PloS One 2009;4:1-7.
  5. Simor AE et al. Mupirocin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Canadian hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51:3880-6.
  6. Howden B, Grayson ML. Dumb and dumber – the potential waste of a useful antistaphylococcal agent: emerging fusidic acid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:394-400.

October 2008, by Dr. Susan Poutanen

• Increasing Resistance Among Anaerobes – Time to Start Testing?
  
  1. Liu C-Y et al. Increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinically important anaerobes and Bacteroides fragiils isolate causing nosocomial infections: Emerging resistance to carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52(9):3161-68.
• Clostridium difficile with Reduced Susceptibility to Metronidazole – Need for Ongoing Surveillance
  
  1. Baines SD et al. Emergence of reduced susceptibilty to metronidazole in Clostridium diffiicle. J Anitimicrob Chemother 2008 62(5):1046-52.
• Fluoroquinolone Use as Primary Urinary Tract Infection Therapy – Expect Resistance to Rise in Escherichia coli
  
  1. Johnson L et al. Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in outpatient urinary Escherichia coli isolates. Am J Med 2008;121:876-84.

October 2008, by Dr. Grant Stiver

• More rigorous cleaning procedures can reduce environmental MRSA and VRE colonization
  
  1. Goodman ER, Platt R, Bass R, CHESP; Onderdonk AB, Yokoe DS, Huang S. Impact of environmental cleaning intervention on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci on surfaces in intensive care unit rooms. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29:593-8.

January 2008, by Dr. Susan Poutanen

• Multi-drug Resistant Serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae – Now in Canada
  
  1. 1. MH Kyaw, R.Lynfield, W. Schaffner, M.D., et al. Effect of Introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. NEJM 2006;354;14:1455-63.
  2. 2. KK Hsu, JE Kellenberg, SI Pelton, et al. Emergence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae --- Massachusetts, 2001—2006. MMWR 2007;56(41):1077-1080
  3. ME Pichichero and JR Casey. Emergence of a Multiresistant Serotype 19A Pneumococcal Strain Not Included in the 7-Valent Conjugate Vaccine as an Otopathogen in Children. JAMA 2007;298(15):1772-1778
• Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Infections Identified in Canadian Forces Soldiers Hospitalized in Canada
  
  1. Tien et al. Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter infections in critically injured Canadian forces soldiers. BMC Infectious Diseases 2007;7:95.
• FDA Clears BD GeneOhm™ StaphSR Assay for Marketing
  
  1. US Food and Drug Administration Site. http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01768.html
  2. BD GeneOhm™ StaphSR Assay Site. http://www.bd.com/geneohm/english/products/idi_staphsr.asp

June 2007, by Dr. Grant Stiver

• Some help with resistant Gram positive infections?
  
  1. Galvada J, Len O, Miro J, et al. Brief communication: treatment of enterococcus faecalis endocarditis with ampicillin plus ceftriaxone. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:574-9
  2. Galvada J, Torres C. Tenorio c et al. Efficacy of ampicilllin plus ceftriaxone in treatment of experimental endocarditis due to enterococcus faecalis strains highly resistant to aminoglycosides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:639-46
  3. Konvalinka A, Errett l, Fong IW. Impact of treating Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers on wound infections in cardiac surgery. J Hosp Infect 2006;64:162-8
  4. Simor AE, Phillips E, McGeer A, et al. Randomized controlled trial of chlorhexidine gluconate for washing, intranasal mupirocin, and rifampin and doxycycline versus no treatment for the eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:178-85
• Fluoroquinolone Resistant Gonorrhea
  
  1. Newman LM, Wang SA, O’Connor N et al. The epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistance in Hawaii, 2001. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:649-54
  2. CDC. Update to CDC’s sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections. MMWR 2007;56:332-6
  3. Kadhivaran T, Wig N, Kapil N et al. Clinical outcomes in typhoid fever: adverse impct of infection with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella typhi. BMC Infect Dis 2005;5:37
• Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections: How can it be reduced?
  
  1. Cohen A E, Lautenbach E, Morales K H, Linkin D R. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in the long-term care setting. Am J Med, 2006. 119(11): p. 958-63.
  2. Nicolle L E. Asymptomatic bacteriuria: review and discussion of the IDSA guidelines. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2006. 28 Suppl 1: p. S42-8.

March/April 2007, by Dr. Susan Poutanen

• Rapid Influenza Testing Leads to Reductions in Antimicrobial Use in Hospitalized Adults – Let’s Get Testing!
  Falsey AR et al. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:E1-E7.
• Canadian Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Community-associated MRSA Have Been Published
  Barton et al. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2006;17(Suppl C):4C-24C.
• A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance Resources on the Web
  Harbarth S et al. CID 2006;43:72-78.

September 2006, by Dr. Susan Poutanen

• Almost 80% of Community-Acquired S. aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections are due to MRSA in the US - Only a Matter of Time for Canada?
  
  1. Moran GJ et al. N Engl J Med 2006;355:666-74.
  2. Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Can Commun Dis Rep 2005;31:33-40.
• Small Colony Variant VRE Continue to be Isolated in Ontario, Canada.
  
  1. QMP-LS News: Evolving International Standards for Laboratory Medicine
  2. Poutanen et al. ICAAC 2005. Abstract C2-257.
• Survival of the Fittest Antimicrobial Resistant Determinant
  Gagneux S et al. Science 2006;312:1944-6.

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